Voice
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There are two types of voice.
Active voice:
In most English sentences with an action verb, the subject performs the action denoted by the verb.
These examples show that the subject is doing the verb's action.
I eat rice.
The man broke the glass.
She is reading a Novel
Because the subject does or "acts upon" the verb in such sentences, the sentences are said to be in the active voice.
ক্রিয়া প্রকাশের ভঙ্গিমাকেই voice বা বাচ্য বলে। ক্রিয়ার প্রকাশভঙ্গি বলে দেয় কর্তা কাজটি নিজে করছেন, না কর্তার দ্বারা কোন কাজ সম্পন্ন হচ্ছে।
Passive voice: One can change the normal word order of many active sentences (those with a direct object) so that the subject is no longer active, but is, instead, being acted upon by the verb - or passive.
Note in these examples how the subject-verb relationship has changed.
Rice is eaten by me.
The glass was broken by the man
A novel is being read by her
Because the subject is being "acted upon" (or is passive), such sentences are said to be in the passive voice.
passive voice Sub কাজ করার ভান করে বা নিজে নিস্ক্রিয় থেকে মনে হয় যেন অন্যকে দিয়ে কাজ করে নেয় বা Obj কে দিয়ে তার কাজ সম্পন্ন করে তাকে passive voice বা নিস্ক্রিয় বাচ্য বলে।
Active into Passive
Rule-1: Obj কে Sub করতে হবে + Tense ও Person অনুসারে সাহায্যকারী Verb বসে + মূল verb এর V3 বা Past participle form বসে + By বসে + Sub টি obj রূপে বসে।
Ex:
Act: I eat rice
Pass: Rice is eaten by me
Act:The boys are playing football
Pass: Football is being played by the boys.
Active: She bought some books from the Market.
Passive : Some books were bought by her
Act: We should follow the life of Prophet Mohammed (Sm).
Pass: The life of prophet Mohammad (Sm) should be followed by us.
Act: I have done the work.
Pass: The work has been done by me.
Passive into Active
Rule-1: Am/is/are থাকলে Present Indefinite Tense এর গঠন লিখতে হবে।
[Sub+V1+Obj/Ext]
Ex:
Pass: Rice is eaten by me
Act: I eat rice.
Pass: Cricket is spread all over the World.
Act: Cricket Council spreads cricket all over the World.
Rule-2: Was/were থাকলে Past Indefinite Tense এর Structure লিখতে হবে।
[Sub+V2+obj/Ext]
Pass: The glass was broken by him.
Act: He broke the glass.
Pass: The books were published
Act: The authority/Poet published the books
Rule-3: Being থাকলে Continuous Tense এর structure লিখতে হবে।
Note: am/is/are+ing থাকলে present continuous tense হবে। এবং Was/ Were+ing হলে Past Continuous Tense হবে। Ex:
Pass: TV is being watched now by Sima
Act: Sima is watching TV now.
Rule-4: By দ্বারা Obj না থাকলে তখন Sub হিসেবে সরকারি কাজ বুঝালে The authority/Government বসে, বৈজ্ঞানিক কাজ বুঝালে The Scientist বসে, সাধারণ কাজ বা কারো উপাধি বা নামকরণ করা ইত্যাদি বুঝলে People বা We বসে।
Note: এই রুলটি Passive থেকে Active এর সকল রুলের জন্যে।
Ex:
Pass: The bridge was built
Act: The government built the bridge
Pass: The Padma is called the river of destruction.
Act: We/People call the padma the river of destruction.
Pass: The life of a bee should be followed
Act: We should Follow the life of a bee.
Pass: Computer was not invented overnight.
Act: The scientist did not invent computer overnight
Rule-5: Modal Verb যুক্ত বাক্যকে Active করতে Sub + modal verb + be ওঠে যায় + Verb present form বসে + বাকি অংশ বসে।
Ex:
Pass: The rules of Health must be maintained/followed
Act: We must maintain the rules of health
Rule-6: Have been/Has been/had been + V3 থাকলে Active করতে Sub + have/has/had + V3 + বাকি অংশ
Ex:
Pass: The work has been done by me.
Act: I have done the work.
They have been suspended
Act: The authority has suspended them