Completing Sentence
It is high time/It is time-এটাই উপযুক্ত সময়
Rule 1: It is time + for + personal object + to + verb (present form) + ……….
Examples:
It is time for us to hit upon a good plan.
It is time for me to start the work.
Infinitive To: It is high time to advise him.
Rule 2: It is time/it is high time এর subject থাকলে verb এর (past form) বসে।………
Examples:
It is high time I went home.
It is time high Smith earned his livelihood.
As if/As though- যেন (অবাস্তব কল্পনা)
Rule 3: as if/as though আগের অংশ present indefinite tense হলে, পরের অংশ past indefinite. হবে।
Note: To be verb হলে সবসময় Were বসে।
Examples:
He tells the story as if he knew it.
He speaks as though he were a mad man./ he knew everything
They donate money as if they were rich men.
Rule 4: Past Indefinite + as if/as though + past perfect.
Examples:
He told the story as if he had known it.
She proceeded as though I had not spoken.
If/Unless/provided that/ providing that- যদি/যদি না
Rule 5: If এর ১ম অংশ Present indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ future indefinite tense.
Examples:
If it rains, we shall not go.
If he wants, I shall help him.
Rule 6: If যুক্ত অংশ Past Indefinite হলে পরের অংশে sub এর পরে would/could + verb (present form).
Examples:
If he came, I would go.
If they wished, we would help him.
If I had an email id , I would write an email to you.
Rule 7: If যুক্ত অংশ Past Perfect tense এ হলে ২য় অংশে sub এর পর would have/could have + verb (past participle form).
Examples:
If I had seen him, I could have told him the news.
If they had started earlier, they could have got the train.
If she had tried, she would have succeeded.
Rule 8: Had পরে Verb + Past Participle Form হলে ২য় অংশে sub এর পর would have/could have + verb (past participle form) হয়।
Examples:
Had I seen him, I would have given him the news.
Had I wings of a bird , I would have flown in the Sky .
Had I possessed a vast property, I would have established a college.
Note: If/ I wish/ would that এর পরে be verb হলে তা সবসময় were হবে।যেমনঃ
1. I wish I were a king.
2. If I had the wings of of a bird.
Rule 9: If + Subject + were + would + verb (present form).
Examples:
If I were a king, I could help the poor.
If I were you, I would not do this.
When/after
Rule 10: When/after এর আগের অংশ Present/Future Indefinite Tense when/after পরের অংশ present perfect হবে।
Examples:
You can go to sleep when, you have taken your dinner.
You will return me the book after, you have finished reading it.
He will swim after, he has changed his dress.
Rule 11: Would that/ I wish + were + ……
Examples:
I wish I were a king.
Would that he were alive today.
Would you mind- যদি আপনি কিছু মনে না করেন –----?
Rule 12: Would you mind + verb(ing) + …….?
Examples:
Would you mind taking a cup of tea?
Would you mind opening the door?
So much/many- এতই–----যে
Rule 13: ……so much/many + …. + that + 1st subject + can/cannot + …….
Examples:
He is so much intelligent that he can get a job.
There are so many problems that I cannot solve them.
I have so much money that I can buy an airplane.
Too — to- এতই –-----যে না
Rule 14: ……too + adjective + to + verb (present form).
Examples:
The man is too old to work.
You are too short to touch the roof.
He is too dishonest to speak truth
Rule 15: ……too + adjective/adverb + for + personal object + to + verb (present form).
Examples:
The load is too heavy for me to carry.
The problem was too hard for them to solve.
It is too interesting for us to overlook.
So —----------That এতই –------যে
Rule 16: So……that + subject + cannot/could not + verb (present form).
Examples:
The man was so ill that he could not move.
Many farmers are so poor that they cannot cultivate their land.
The load is so heavy that I can not carry it.
The old man is so weak that he can not walk.
So that/In order that- যাতে
Rule 17: ……so that/ in order that এর পরে 1st subject + can/could/may/might + verb (present form) + …………
Examples:
The girl studies harder so that She can make a good result.
We eat food so that we may live.
He works hard so that he can earn more money.
Lest- পাছে/ নইলে
Rule 18: ……lest এর পরে subject + should + verb (present form) + …………
Examples:
He ran lest he should miss the train .
Read diligently lest you should fail in the examination.
He walked fast lest he should not reach school in time.
It is I/ He/She/You-
Rule-19:It is I/ he/she/ you এর পরে Relative pronoun বসে + verb + বাকি অংশ
1. It is I who have done the work.
2. It is you who are responsible for this.
Would rather —-------than - কোন কিছু করার চেয়ে
Rule 20: ……would rather/sooner + verb + than + verb/noun.
Examples:
I would rather die than beg.
He would rather drink tea than coffee.
Rule 21: ……had better + verb (present form) + ……….
Examples:
I had better ring him at once.
You had better leave the place.
He had better go home.
Rule 22: ……how + to + verb (present form) + …..
Examples:
He doesn’t know how to play cricket.
They knew how to talk.
Do you know how to drink tea?
Without - কোন কিছু ছাড়া
Rule 23: Without + Verb এর সাথে ing + (meaningful negative sentence).
Examples:
Without reading attentively you cannot make a good result .
Without taking physical exercise we cannot keep our body fit.
He will not be able to write well without writing much.
By - কোনো কিছু দ্বারা
Rule 24: By + verb(ing) + (meaningful affirmative sentence).
Examples:
By reading more we can learn more.
We can be healthy by eating healthy food.
Provided that/Providing that - যদি
Rule 25: ……provided/provided that/providing that/if + (meaningful sentence).
Examples:
I will help you providing that you want
He will prosper in life provided that he works hard.
The plane will take off in time provided the weather is good.
Since/as/because- যেহেতু/ কারণ
Rule 26: ……since/as/because + (meaningful sentence).
Examples:
As he misbehaved with me, he was punished.
Everybody loves him because he is honest.
Crops did not grow well since there was drought.
Note :
Since- কোন নিদিষ্ট ঘটনার পর থেকে বা হতে
(a)Since যুক্ত বাক্যে সময়ের উল্লেক থাকলে Present Perfect continuous tense হয়। যেমনঃ
I have been living Paris since 2012.
(b) Since এর আগের অংশ Present tense থাকলে পরের অংশ past indefinite tense হবে।যেমনঃ
1. It is long since I met you
(c) Since এর আগের অংশ Past indefinite tense হলে পরের অংশ Past perfect tense হয়।
1. It was long since I had met you.
Though/ Although- যদিও
Rule 27: ……though/although/in spite of/despite of + (বিপরীত অর্থ প্রকাশ করবে এমন sentence).
Examples:
Though he is poor, he is honest.
In spite of his poverty, he helps the poor.
Although he is rich, he does not help the poor.
Unless/ if — not- যদি না
Rule 28: ……unless/if…not + (meaningful affirmative sentence).
Examples:
Unless you read attentively, you will fail.
They could not set out due to fog.
No sooner had………than
Scarcely/Hardly/ barely had…….when/before– কোন কিছু করতে না করতে, যেতে না যেতে, খেতে না খেতে এমন বুঝায়
Rule 29: ……no sooner…than/scarcely had…when/hardly had এর পর মূল verb এর Past participle form হয় + when/before + past indefinite tense.
Examples:
No sooner had we reached the station than the train left.
Hardly had he reached the college when the class began.
Let alone……এই কথা তো দূরের কথা বা এই কথা তো ভাবাই যায় না
Rule 30: ……let alone + (meaningful word or phrase).
Examples:
He cannot pass in third division, let alone first division.
He has not one hundred taka let alone 1000.
The place where/It is+ place wher…….এইটাই সেই স্থান…….যেখানে
Rule 31: ……the place + where + (meaningful affirmative sentence).
Examples:
Comilla is the place where I was born.
A railway station is a place where trains stop.
It is the time/year/day when………এইটাই সেই সময় যখন
Rule 32: ……the time/year/day + when + (meaningful affirmative sentence).
Examples:
Saturday is the day when the week begins.
1971 is the year when Bangladesh became independent.
10 P. M. is the time when we go to bed.
Rule 33: ……that + (meaningful sentence).
Examples:
I admit that he is a doctor.
He knows that he will do it.
Feel/suppose/imagine/discover/know/judge/assume + that/ to be
Rule 34: …....feel, suppose, imagine, discover, know, judge, assume + that/to be + adjective.
Examples:
We assumed that he is innocent.
He was judged to be guilty.
I know him to be honest.
Ii is supposed that I will be done it
As long as…..যতক্ষণ পর্যন্ত
Rule 35: …….as long as + (meaningful sentence).
Examples:
Wait here as long as it rains.
Allah will help us as long as our aim is honest.
Till/Until……যতক্ষণ / যতক্ষণ পর্যন্ত না
Rule 36: ……till/until + (meaningful affirmative sentence).
Examples:
Wait here until I come back.
In case…..এই ক্ষেত্রে / যদি
Rule 37: …….in case + (meaningful sentence).
Examples:
I will come tomorrow in case he wants me.
I want to stay home in case he comes.
He will carry an umbrella in case it rains.
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